Coleus vettiveroides K.C. Jacob, a medicinal plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, has gained considerable scientific attention due to its rich phytochemical profile and therapeutic potential. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of in vitro propagation techniques and phytochemical screening methodologies applicable to C. vettiveroides, drawing from protocols established in closely related Coleus and Plectranthus species. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) has been identified as effective for shoot multiplication and rooting. Phytochemical screening reveals the consistent presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, and steroids in Coleus species, all of which contribute to recognized medicinal properties. In vitro culture systems offer a sustainable platform for mass propagation and enhanced secondary metabolite production, directly addressing conservation concerns and growing pharmaceutical demands. This review synthesizes current knowledge and provides a scientific foundation for future research on C. vettiveroides biotechnology, conservation, and drug development.